Policy of Russification in the Grand Duchy of Finland and the Kingdom of Poland – Analogy and Specificity

Authors:

Pages: 413-438
DOI: https://doi.org/10.54664/TREH5615

Abstract:

Russification is part of the national policy of the Russian Empire. Its application to the Grand Duchy of Finland and the Kingdom of Poland, which joined Russia almost simultaneously, dates back to the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century and was more strongly attested in the second half of the 19th century. It affects the processes of unification of language, religion, culture, governance of non-Russian nationalities. The introduction of Russification measures in the two provinces of the empire took place at different times and had different intensity. Similarities are found in the methods of implementation and in the expected results. Russification as a policy of joining the patroness fails. On the other hand, it gives impetus to the formation of national self-consciousness and the search for ways to achieve independent and autonomous development of the Finns and the Poles.

Keywords:

Russian Empire; The Grand Duchy of Finland; Kingdom of Poland; national policy; Russification; Russification events; analogy; specifics.

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