Globalization and Deglobalization: Trends and Perspectives in International Relations

Authors:

Pages: 142-147

Abstract:

In the second half of the 20th century, a series of regional and global integration processes took place. Though with some temporary interruptions, their intensity has constantly increased, supported by the development of science, technologies, trade, etc. In 1990, the term ‘globalization’ gained popularity and drew the attention of researchers in various fields. This paper aims to define the drivers of globalization, its current state and tendencies. For that purpose, different eras of the process of globalization are reviewed chronologically, outlining significant developments. A brief evaluation is made of the causes and consequences of past crises and challenges. The current developments in the so-called “modern era“ (the last two decides) are analyzed in detail as they present more challenges and are a prerequisite for crises in a shorter period of time, because they tend to add up to each other. Given that some of these trends are only a few months old, any assessment of their consequences is inevitably highly speculative; thus, the measurement of globalization is proposed through the following de facto indicators: world trade and world FDI. In conclusion, an effort is made to clarify whether the process of globalization is reversed, as speculations are made in public and political debates.

Keywords:

globalization; deglobalization; international relations; trade; investments.

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