Typology of Bulgarian and Slovak family names with a compound stem

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Abstract:

The subject of study are the family names of compound stems in Bulgarian and Slovak. The following basic types of names have been outlined: — from appellativea with a compound stem ( from a verb ( in the imperative) + a noun, example of type “боримечка”( bear-fighter), from a noun + a verb, example of type “êîæîäåð” (one who skins, who takes the skin away), from an adjective or an adverb + a verb, example of type “живодер”; from an adjective or an adverb + a noun, example of type “белобрад”; (with a white beard); from prepositional combinations; from fusions: of a numeral + a verb; a numeral + a noun; a pronoun + a noun; separate sentences or phrases; — from toponyms and oiconyms — from anthroponyms Ancient names are of the same type in both languages and come primarily from old composite appellatives, less so from anthroponyms and toponyms with a compound stem. The most ancient types of names in both languages are in recession, owing to which a significant part of them are borne by a small number of people. Those names are sometimes subjected to a deliberate distortion which is a kind of melioration. Some of the names are mock composites that have come into being after a redefinition of unclear names or after following familiar patterns. A difference between the two languages is observed in the names from toponyms and from anthroponyms. Whereas in Bulgarian the fusions of two anthroponyms or of a forename and name are rather frequent , they are a rare phenomenon in Slovak.

Keywords:

anthroponymy, family name, Christian name, surname, appellative, toponym, oiconym, composite

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