Arsons and collective responsibility according to Icelandic sagas

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Abstract:

The execution of intentional arson is probably the most complicated, bloodiest and also the least used method to carry out revenge during the frequent blood feuds occurring in Iceland during the period 874–1262/1264. The successful accomplishment of this deed was due to a group of men united voluntarily around a particular person, who had interest to eliminate an enemy’s kin. This could be achieved overnight without casualties for the attackers if they used fire. The analysis of Old Icelandic literary works demonstrates this practice as an action burdening each member of the band with collective responsibility. Icelandic customs and laws take all of this into account, and the consequences, whether legal or public, affected all offenders, regardless of their tribal affiliations or their role in the arson. Collective responsibility in medieval Icelandic legal and social system is an important concept whose consideration contributes to understanding how the blood feuds functioned during their bloodiest episodes.

Keywords:

Icelandic sagas, arson, blood feud, band, Icelandic turf houses, collective responsibility, consequences

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