Some Types of Direct and Indirect Incomes of the French Kings (the Middle of the 11th – the End of the 14th Century)

Authors:

Pages: 118-130
DOI: https://doi.org/10.54664/XZOS1930

Abstract:

This paper describes some of the major direct and indirect types of revenues of the French kings. In this study, “direct revenue” is considered as a type of income of the Crown, which was paid at the discretion of the kings, i.e. by the mandating taxes or by forcing the common people into completing various tasks. “Indirect revenue” is considered as a type of earning, which is mandated by the Crown but was not necessary stable, like the collection of custom fees. The paper considers the various obligations imposed on the general population and some of the taxes as “direct revenue”, while various types of fees like sales taxes, tolls and customs taxes, all of which can be avoided by the taxpayers if they did not commit a certain deed, are considered as “indirect revenue”.

Keywords:

Middle Ages, France, economy, taille, taxation.

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