The Heraldic Sign Tamgha of the Proto-Bulgarian Ruler’s Clan Dulo in its Representative Function

Authors:

Pages: 51-79
DOI: https://doi.org/10.54664/ZNJX7391

Abstract:

In essence and function, the heraldic sign tamgha of the Proto-Bulgarian ruler’s clan Dulo is a sign of ownership with one primary-basic function – the possession, and two secondary-derived and additional functions – the representative and the protective (apotropheic). Khan Asparuh ordered the tamgha of the Dulo clan to be carved on a suitable stone and to be built over the main gate of the Belgorod Fortress as a sign that there is a descendant of the Dulo clan, who is also a ruler, a khan of the entrusting Proto-Bulgarian tribes. He directed the repair of the Drustar fortress and ordered the tamgha of Dulo clan to be carved on the fortress walls. The wall in front of the village of Byala, Varna district is the last and the most southern wall that Khan Asparuh builds. On it the tamgha of the Dulo clan is carved between two Runic letters, so the whole inscription translates as The State of Dulo. The urns with the ashes of the khans and their wives from the First Bulgarian Kingdom are stored in a special pit into the most hidden underground tunnel connected to the palace of Khan Krum. The title канартигин is formed on the basis of the Proto-Bulgarian expression *каган-ирт- тикин, literally “prince-after-kagan”, i.e. “crown prince”.

Keywords:

Asparuh, Balčik, balik, Dulo, HuK-Hungar, Kamčiya, kanartigin, Kem, Krum, Kubrat, Proto-Bulgarians, šavar, tamgha, urns, Varna, walls.

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