The Green Transition in the EU: Between Ambition and Reality

Authors:

Pages: 303-315
DOI: https://doi.org/10.54664/WEJM5834

Abstract:

The European Union’s renewable energy transition is essential for achieving climate neutrality and ensuring long-term economic sustainability. This paper provides an analytical review of the EU’s progress toward renewable energy adoption, identifying existing disparities and challenges among member states. Employing the Multi-Level Perspective (MLP), it examines interactions between global pressures, regulatory frameworks and local innovations. A comparative analysis among member countries and Germany, Poland, and France in particular, highlights divergent national priorities, from renewable leadership in Germany to nuclear reliance in France and coal dependence in Poland. Results indicate significant progress at the EU level but underline critical regional and socio-economic disparities, particularly within Central and Eastern Europe. Institutional capacity, economic conditions, and public acceptance emerge as key obstacles to energy transition. The paper concludes that aligning EU-wide ambitions with national capabilities and ensuring equitable resource distribution are vital for a successful green transition. Recommendations focus on tailored support mechanisms, enhanced institutional cooperation, and strengthened social dimensions to achieve the EU’s ambitious climate goals.

Keywords:

energy transition; European Union; renewables; multi-level governance; integration.

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