Античност и филология

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The article discusses the emergence of dealing with problems of language and its potential to reflect reality objectively and as the basis of human knowledge of the world. In Greek antiquity, knowledge of grammar was acquired at the very beginning of the study of philosophy. Greek philosophers first directed attention to parts of speech and their categories. The first treatises on grammar, composed by Hellenistic scholars from Alexandria and Pergamos are presented in a chronological order. Linguistic traditions, presented by Roman writers of encyclopaedic books, grammarians and rhetoricians in between 3rd century BC and 6th century AD. The basic characteristics of teaching the Latin language in antiquity are outlined, as is the acquisition of knowledge and skills which represented the highest degree of education in ancient times. Teaching Ars grammaticae (the art of grammar) in ancient Rome corresponds to contemporary training in classical philology. Scientific activities in all spheres of knowledge were called philology by the end of antiquity. Today, the methodology applied in teaching classical languages to students of philologies other than classical philology and history is traditional. This methodology uses forms and approaches to training that have been inherited from antiquity, adapted to the modern principles of didactics.

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