The article deals with the history and theory of archaeological research, with reference to the Aegean and the interpretation of ancient societies in the region. Western archaeological thought on the Aegean region in ancient times has undergone both processual and postprocessual approaches. At the present stage, intellectuals talk about the possible emergence of a new paradigm in archeological theory or the Third Science Revolution. Selected criteria of a new scientific discourse make it possible to place some of the researches of ancient Aegean societies into the contemporary world trend