Малките и отворени икономики в теорията на международната търговия и примерът с България

Автори:
Страници: 101-117
DOI: https://doi.org/10.54664/WYZB3831

Резюме:

Thе article examines the theoretical approaches to small and open economies within international trade theory and assesses their applicability to the case of Bulgaria. From a theoretical perspective, a small economy is defined not by its absolute scale, but by the absence of market power and the resulting inability to influence international prices, which positions it as a price taker in global markets. Economic openness is conceptualized as a structural characteristic reflected in deep integration into international trade and cross-border financial flows. While such openness expands opportunities for growth, specialization, and market access, it simultaneously increases exposure to external economic, financial, and geopolitical shocks. The article provides a systematic overview of the key characteristics, policy instruments, and structural constraints of small and open economies, distinguishing between theoretical definitions and the practical classifications applied by international organizations. Particular attention is devoted to trade policy, which in these economies is oriented not toward influencing world prices, but toward liberalization, diversification, trade facilitation, and integration into regional and global value chains. Within this framework, Bulgaria is examined as a representative case of a small and open economy. Its limited domestic market, high degree of trade openness, and deep integration into the European Union shape both development opportunities and structural risks. The article concludes that Bulgaria’s sustainable participation in international trade depends on adaptive policies aimed at diversification, competitiveness, and the effective use of regional integration frameworks.

Ключови думи:

small and open economies, international trade, trade policy, regional integration, Bulgaria

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